近日,華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)食物經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理團(tuán)隊(duì)研究成果以“The dynamic effects of price support policy on price volatility: The case of the rice market in China”為題在Agricultural Economics發(fā)表。研究以稻谷為例探究了中國(guó)糧食價(jià)格支持政策對(duì)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格波動(dòng)和消費(fèi)者福利的動(dòng)態(tài)影響機(jī)制。
糧食托市收購(gòu)政策的市場(chǎng)效應(yīng)評(píng)估一直是政府、業(yè)界和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界共同關(guān)注的重要問題。自2004年起,國(guó)家對(duì)口糧實(shí)施最低收購(gòu)價(jià)政策,對(duì)我國(guó)糧食供給和農(nóng)民增收方面影響深遠(yuǎn)。為評(píng)估政策對(duì)價(jià)格形成機(jī)制和社會(huì)福利的影響,該研究提出了一套基于截尾分位數(shù)自回歸(CQAR)的動(dòng)態(tài)價(jià)格分布函數(shù)評(píng)估方法,用于刻畫價(jià)格支持政策對(duì)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格分布的作用機(jī)理和時(shí)變特征。該方法突破了傳統(tǒng)“均值-方差”分析方法的局限性,通過(guò)估計(jì)更為廣義的時(shí)變分布函數(shù)刻畫出了價(jià)格形成機(jī)制的高階矩特征和累計(jì)概率分布。該研究構(gòu)建了一個(gè)涉及糧食供需、價(jià)格決定和福利變化的理論模型,探討了政策因素影響價(jià)格波動(dòng)和市場(chǎng)福利的理論路徑。在實(shí)證研究部分,基于2000-2018年稻谷市場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格支持政策的市場(chǎng)價(jià)格效應(yīng)與動(dòng)態(tài)福利分配。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與理論分析相契合,價(jià)格支持政策對(duì)稻谷價(jià)格波動(dòng)起到了平抑作用,主要表現(xiàn)為動(dòng)態(tài)方差的降低和季節(jié)性波動(dòng)的減弱。但在最低收購(gòu)價(jià)明顯抬升的年份,政策導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)價(jià)格分布函數(shù)出現(xiàn)顯著的截尾效應(yīng),并推高了市場(chǎng)價(jià)格均值趨勢(shì)。進(jìn)一步引入動(dòng)態(tài)福利函數(shù)后,分析結(jié)果表明上述價(jià)格效應(yīng)對(duì)消費(fèi)者群體造成了負(fù)面福利影響,就相對(duì)福利測(cè)度的視角而言,城鄉(xiāng)低收入群體受到了更大程度的福利損失。這表明政策設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)充分認(rèn)識(shí)和預(yù)判政策對(duì)低收入消費(fèi)者群體福利的副作用,統(tǒng)籌把握政策對(duì)生產(chǎn)者群體和消費(fèi)者群體之間的福利權(quán)衡?;诠烙?jì)結(jié)果,文章還通過(guò)政策模擬討論了調(diào)整價(jià)格支持水平以降低負(fù)面福利影響的可行性和方案情形。
該項(xiàng)研究從新的視角揭示了價(jià)格支持政策對(duì)糧食市場(chǎng)價(jià)格形成機(jī)制的動(dòng)態(tài)影響,并測(cè)算了政策效應(yīng)影響下不同消費(fèi)者群體的福利損益,為發(fā)展中國(guó)家糧食安全政策優(yōu)化以及維護(hù)低收入消費(fèi)群體福利提供了新的有益啟示。
經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院李劍副教授為論文第一作者,該研究的合作者包括來(lái)自美國(guó)威斯康星大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)與應(yīng)用經(jīng)濟(jì)系的Jean-Paul Chavas教授和經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院李崇光教授。該研究得到了國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(72173052; 71803058; 71873050; 71673103)的資助。
【英文摘要】
This study examines the economic and welfare effects of a commodity price support policy. It conceptually and empirically evaluates the effects of the domestic pricing policy on the distribution of commodity prices, with an application to the price support program in the Chinese rice market. The empirical analysis relies on a Censored Quantile Autoregression (CQAR) model, which provides a refined and flexible representation of the evolving distribution of prices under a price support program. based on monthly data over the period 2000–2018, we develop and estimate an econometric model documenting the price effects of policy interventions. We study how a price support program affects price distribution both in the short term and long term. We find that such a program has reduced the domestic rice price volatility, evidenced by lowered variation and increased right-skewness of the price distribution. We also show how China's rice programs' high price support level during the period 2008–2015 caused significant censoring effects and price enhancement with adverse impacts on consumer welfare across all income levels. We further examine alternative situations where a moderate price support level can reduce the long-term mean price without generating consumer welfare losses. Our analysis and findings have implications for the implementation of agricultural price support policies in many developing countries.
論文鏈接:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/agec.12681
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